99353-00-1Relevant articles and documents
Short Chain (≤C4) Esterification Increases Bioavailability of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Potency to Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Bla?evi?, Tina,Reznicek, Gottfried,Ding, Limin,Yang, Gangqiang,Haiss, Patricia,Heiss, Elke H.,Dirsch, Verena M.,Liu, Rongxia
, (2021/02/12)
Rosmarinic acid is a natural phenolic acid and active compound found in many culinary plants, such as rosemary, mint, basil and perilla. Aiming to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of rosmarinic acid and its activity on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, we generated a series of rosmarinic acid esters with increasing alkyl chain length ranging from C1 to C12. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of rat blood samples revealed the highest increase in bioavailability of rosmarinic acid, up to 10.52%, after oral administration of its butyl ester, compared to only 1.57% after rosmarinic acid had been administered in its original form. When added to vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, all rosmarinic acid esters were taken up, remained esterified and inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation with IC50 values declining as the length of alkyl chains increased up to C4, with an IC50 of 2.84?μM for rosmarinic acid butyl ester, as evident in a resazurin assay. Vascular smooth muscle cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation was blocked. Esterification with longer alkyl chains did not improve absorption and resulted in cytotoxicity in in vitro settings. In this study, we proved that esterification with proper length of alkyl chains (C1–C4) is a promising way to improve in vivo bioavailability of rosmarinic acid in rats and in vitro biological activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Antiallergic activity of rosmarinic acid esters is modulated by hydrophobicity, and bulkiness of alkyl side chain
Zhu, Fengxian,Xu, Zhongming,Yonekura, Lina,Yang, Ronghua,Tamura, Hirotoshi
, p. 1178 - 1182 (2015/10/05)
Methyl, propyl and hexyl esters of rosmarinic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids were tested for antiallergic activity, and rosmarinic acid propyl ester exhibited the greatest β-hexosaminidase release suppression (IC50, 23.7 μM). Quadratic correlations between pIC50 and cLogP (r2 = 0.94, 0.98, and 1.00, respectively) were observed in each acid ester series. The antiallergic activity is modulated by hydrophobicity, and alkyl chain bulkiness.
Explorations of caffeic acid derivatives: Total syntheses of rufescenolide, yunnaneic acids C and D, and studies toward yunnaneic acids A and B
Griffith, Daniel R.,Botta, Lorenzo,St. Denis, Tyler G.,Snyder, Scott A.
supporting information, p. 88 - 105 (2014/01/17)
Yunnaneic acids A-D, isolated from the roots of Salvia yunnanensis, are hexameric (A and B) and trimeric (C and D) assemblies of caffeic acid that feature an array of synthetically challenging and structurally interesting domains. In addition to being caffeic acid oligomers, yunnaneic acids A and B are formally dimeric and heterodimeric adducts of yunnaneic acids C and D. Herein we report the first total syntheses of yunnaneic acids C and D featuring the formation of their bicyclo[2.2.2]octene cores in a single step from simple precursors via an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cascade that may have biogenetic relevance. In addition, exploitation of the key intermediate resulting from this cascade reaction has enabled rapid access to the structurally related caffeic acid metabolite rufescenolide through an unexpected Lewis acid-mediated reduction. Finally, we report the results of extensive model studies toward forming the dimeric yunnaneic acids A and B. These explorations indicate that the innate reactivities of the monomeric fragments do not favor spontaneous formation of the desired dimeric linkages. Consequently, enzymatic involvement may be required for the biosynthesis of these more complex family members.
Interactions between α-tocopherol and rosmarinic acid and its alkyl esters in emulsions: Synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect?
Panya, Atikorn,Kittipongpittaya, Ketinun,Laguerre, Micka?l,Bayrasy, Christelle,Lecomte, Jér?me,Villeneuve, Pierre,McClements, D. Julian,Decker, Eric A.
, p. 10320 - 10330 (2013/01/15)
Many antioxidants can interact to produce synergistic interactions that can more effectively inhibit lipid oxidation in foods. Esterification of rosmarinic acid produces a variety of compounds with different antioxidant activity due to differences in polarity and thus differences in partitioning in oil, water, and interfacial regions of oil-in-water emulsions (O/W). Therefore, rosmarinic acid and rosmarinate esters provide an interesting tool to study the ability of antioxidant to interact in O/W emulsions. In O/W emulsions, rosmarinic acid (R0) exhibited the strongest synergistic interaction with α-tocopherol while butyl (R4) and dodecyl (R12) rosmarinate esters exhibited small synergistic interaction and eicosyl rosmarinate esters (R20) exhibited slightly antagonistic interaction. Fluorescence quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that water-soluble rosmarinic acid (R0) exhibited more interactions with α-tocopherol than any of the tested esters (R4, R12, R20). This was also confirmed in O/W emulsions where R0 altered the formation of α-tocopherol quinone and α-tocopherol increased the formation of caffeic acid from R0. This formation of caffeic acid was proposed to be responsible for the synergistic activity of R0 and α-tocopherol since the formation of an additional antioxidant could further increase the oxidative stability of the emulsion.
Synthesis, characterization and free radical scavenging properties of rosmarinic acid fatty esters
Lecomte, Jerome,Giraldo, Luis Javier Lopez,Laguerre, Mickael,Barea, Bruno,Villeneuve, Pierre
experimental part, p. 615 - 620 (2011/06/17)
The hydrophobation of rosmarinic acid with saturated aliphatic primary alcohols of various chain lengths (methanol to eicosanol) was achieved via an acid-catalyzed esterification in the presence of a highly acidic sulfonic resin. The resulting alkyl rosmarinates were isolated, characterized and their global free radical scavenging activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy- drazyl method in the stationary state. Only the dodecyl ester showed a stronger activity than rosmarinic acid.
Explorations into neolignan biosynthesis: Concise total syntheses of helicterin B, helisorin, and helisterculin A from a common intermediate
Snyder, Scott A.,Kontes, Ferenc
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1745 - 1752 (2009/07/25)
Helicterins A and B (1 and 2), helisorin (3), and helisterculin A (4) are structurally unique natural products with the ability to combat the avian myeloblastosis virus. Biogenetically, their architectures are considered to be products of seemingly straightforward Diels-Alder, radical-based, or acid-induced dimerizations of common, simpler precursors. Yet, the pursuit of such blueprints in the laboratory has failed thus far in enabling their successful synthesis. Herein, we describe the first total syntheses of three of these natural products. Key features include the use of a building block distinct from Nature's likely starting material, highly complex retro Diels-Alder/Diels-Alder reaction cascades, an unconventional protecting group to achieve the proper balance of chemical reactivity on sensitive scaffolds, and several carefully developed reactionconditions that effectively balance competing reaction pathways.
The structure-activity relationship of the series of non-peptide small antagonists for p56lck SH2 domain
Park, See-Hyoung,Oh, Hyun-Sik,Kang, Mi-Ae,Cho, Hyeongjin,Prasad, Joshi Bishnu,Won, Jonghwa,Lee, Keun-Hyeung
, p. 3938 - 3950 (2008/02/13)
The antagonists for the SH2 domain are regarded as novel therapeutic candidates for cancer, autoimmune disease, and chronic inflammatory disease. Previously, we identified rosmarinic acid (α-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid; RosA) from Prunella vulgaris as an antagonist for the p56lck SH2 domain by screening natural products. RosA not containing phosphotyrosine surrogate had a considerable inhibitory activity for T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-induced interleukin (IL)-2 expression, and subsequent T-cell proliferation in vitro cell assay. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of RosA and to identify a novel p56lck SH2 antagonist with more potent in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity, we synthesized several analogs of RosA by using rational design. All synthesized compounds were tested in vitro binding activity for the SH2 domain and in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity. All four hydroxyl groups of RosA were essential for binding with the p56lck SH2 domain and T-cell inhibitory activity. Unexpectedly, conformationally less constrained analogs 4 and 9 showed a more potent binding affinity for the SH2 domain than that of RosA, and chirality of the analog did not play an important role in protein binding. We successfully identified several RosA analogs with a more potent T-cell inhibitory activity than that of RosA. Overall results revealed important structural requirements of the p56lck SH2 antagonists for in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity and in vitro protein binding activity.
Derivatives of hydroxyphenyl, a method for preparing thereof and their pharmaceutical composition
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Page/Page column 36, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to derivatives of hydroxyphenyl, a method for preparing thereof and their pharmaceutical composition, more particularly the compounds of the present invention specifically inhibit the activation of T lymphocyte by src homology region 2(SH2) domain of T lymphocyte (lck), so that they can be used for the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, etc.
Derivatives of hydroxyphenyl, a method for preparing thereof and their pharmaceutical composition
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to derivatives of hydroxyphenyl, a method for preparing thereof and their pharmaceutical composition, more particularly the compounds of the present invention specifically inhibit the activation of T lymphocyte by src homology region 2(SH2) domain of T lymphocyte (lck), so that they can be used for the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, etc.
Synthesis of enantiomeric (+)- and (-)-rosmarinic acid methylesters
Reimann, Eberhard,Pflug, Thomas
, p. 187 - 193 (2007/10/03)
Starting from L-tyrosine (L-1), the phenyl lactic acid ester (-)-4 was prepared by reported procedures. (-)-4 could then be converted to the benzyl ether (-)-5. From (-)-5, the corresponding optical antipode (+)-5 is available via (+)-6 by Mitsunobu reaction. The enantiomeric excess of 5 was determined by NMR spectroscopy from camphanic acid esters (+)- and (-)-8, respectively. The phenyl lactic acid esters (+)- and (-)-5 were acylated by caffeoyl chloride (9) to yield the O-protected enantiomeric rosmarinic acid esters (+)- and (-)-10. Deprotection of 10 by BCl3 afforded the title compounds (+)- and (-)-11 in fair yields.
